Clay Tobacco Pipes from the Royal Castle and Old Town in Warsaw, Poland

All clay tobacco pipes collected during archaeological research from 1948 onwards within the town walls, the castle including, are stored in the Archaeological Department of the Warsaw Historical Museum. Altogether, there are 158 kaolin stemmed pipe bowls and 1021 stem fragments as well as 91 chibouk/lüle heads.

For the present paper, material from two well- stratified and closed deposits was chosen. The first group comes from the Royal Castle south wing cellar, the other from the backyard latrine close to the Cracow Town Gate. These groups were deposited some 100 years apart.

It was possible to discern pipes made in Poland and determine the origin of the imported stemmed pipes and their directional frequency in these two groups. These contexts enabled a better dating of the imported chibouk finds as well.